What Makes Something
Freedom Tech?

Understanding Digital Self-Sovereignty

Core Requirements

Essential

  • • Sovereign Identity
  • • Signed Public Data
  • • Encrypted Private Data
  • • Self-hostability
  • • Cryptographic Data Integrity

Bonus Features

  • • Local First
  • • Interoperability
  • • Good Architecture

1. Sovereign Identity

Can I generate my identifier without permission?

🔑

Self-generated

No permission needed

vs
👥

Assigned by others

Permission required

✓
Nostr pubkey (npub)
npub1unsigned...
✓
PGP key
3FA8 A49C 4E07...
✓
Bitcoin address
bc1q9h6...
✓
Tor .onion address
g3yv5hk...123.onion
✗
Email address
basantagoswami@unsigned.in
✗
Mastodon handle
@nvk@bitcoinhackers.org
✗
Twitter/X handle
@basanta_goswami
✗
IP address
192.168.1.18

Permission Hierarchy Example

How @basanta_goswami requires permission from multiple layers:

ICANN
Controls global DNS system
↓
Registry Operators (Verisign)
Operates .com TLD infrastructure
↓
Domain Registrars (GoDaddy)
Sells domains to end users
↓
Twitter Inc.
Owns twitter.com domain
↓
End User
@basanta_goswami

Each layer needs permission from above:

  • • ICANN controls the root DNS system
  • • Verisign operates .com under ICANN contract
  • • GoDaddy sells domains via Verisign
  • • Twitter bought twitter.com from a registrar
  • • Finally, Twitter assigns usernames

Without permission at any layer, the entire chain breaks.

Human Readable Names

Cryptographic Identity
↓
Local Contact Names
↓
Optional Global Names

Contact Names vs Globally Unique Names

  • • Globally unique names always need a central coordinator
  • • Cryptographic identifiers aren't human friendly
  • • Can use centralized names as overlay on pubkeys (lightning address)
  • • Best: Use contact names to refer to pubkeys (like phone contacts)

2. Signed Public Data

Are we signing our data using private keys for authenticity?

✍️

Cryptographically Signed

Verifiable authenticity

vs
❓

Unsigned Data

No proof of origin

✓
Nostr events
✓
Bitcoin transactions
✗
Websites
✗
Blogs

3. Encrypted Private Data

Are we encrypted our data using a private keys we control?

✓
WhatsApp
✓
Signal
✓
Proton Drive
✓
HTTPS
While talking to server
✗
Google Drive
✗
Telegram
✗
HTTP
✗
TCP/IP

4. Self-hostability

Where is your data hosted?

✓
Bitcoin node
✓
Lightning node
✓
Nostr relay
✓
Cryptpad
✗
Signal
✗
Proton Drive

5. Cryptographic Data Integrity

Are your content identified by hashes?

Why we need this:

  • • Without hashes, content can be changed
  • • References to content can be lost or hijacked
✓
IPFS
✓
Nostr (event id)
✓
Git commits
✗
Files in S3
✗
Tweets
✗
Blog post links

The Twitter Handle Problem

@fiatjaf deletes account
↓
Someone else registers @fiatjaf
↓
Old links now point to new account

Why this happens:

  • • Usernames can be recycled
  • • Links use handles instead of permanent IDs
  • • No cryptographic proof of original identity

6. FOSS

Can we check and verify the app's source code to make sure it does what it claims?

License matters:

  • • MIT/GPL etc encourage code review
  • • Community can verify security claims
  • • Others can build upon and improve the code
✓
Most Nostr clients
✓
Bitcoin wallets
✗
Keet
✗
Yakihonne
✗
Most corporate software

Bonus: Local First

Can our app work without internet?

Many Nostr apps don't, but they theoretically can

Bonus: Interoperability

Can data generated using one app be accessed in other apps?

✓
Nostr
Same data in Damus, Iris, Snort
✓
Email
Gmail, Outlook, Thunderbird
✗
Hypercore
✗
Web5

Architecture Debates

  • • You might not like IPFS for trying to decentralize storage itself
  • • You might not like Nostr for using websockets and JSON
  • • You might not like Bitcoin for being too limited
  • • You might not like altcoins because Bitcoin already solved digital scarcity

But once we have established the other points, this is the one we can argue about

Freedom Tech Comparison

How different technologies measure up against our criteria

Technology Sovereign Identity Signed Public Data Encrypted Private Data Self-hostable Cryptographic Integrity FOSS
Nostr ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Bitcoin ✓ ✓ ~ ✓ ✓ ✓
Reticulum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Signal ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Proton Drive ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗
CryptPad ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Yakihonne (Nostr) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Amethyst (Nostr) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
WhatsApp ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗
Google Drive ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✓ Supported
~ Partial
✗ Not supported
1/13